Embedding antennas with tilted beam patterns into parabolic wave equation‐based models for tunnel propagation

نویسندگان

چکیده

Accurate radio wave prediction models are necessary for the innovation of mobile communication technology and deployment wireless sensor networks in railways. The parabolic equation (PWE) method is one commonly used to predict electromagnetic characteristic long railway tunnels. However, advent novel antennas technologies (e.g., beam steering, beamforming) has posed new challenges PWE-based such as effective means taking tilted patterns into account. This study addresses a challenge by using Gaussian beams embed with oriented or directions models. proposed approach does not reduce simulation efficiency PWE itself. validity practicability technique demonstrated comparing against ray-tracing well experimental measurements various tunnel environments.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation

سال: 2023

ISSN: ['1751-8733', '1751-8725']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12372